Proper steps to performing CPR:
Anything can happen in the middle of the wildness when we are far from others or resources
that can help save a life. For this reason, we need to be prepared and understand the correct
way to perform CPR. The purpose of these instructions are to provide proper care in the
event the someone becomes unconscious and is unable to breath. CPR is a useful tool to
know in situations outside of wilderness survival as well.

CPR can restore partial oxygenated blood flow to the brain and heart.  This will delay tissue
death and increase the victim’s survival rate without permanent brain damage.

Items:
  • Face shield (to protect from illness) (optional)
  • AED (if available)

CPR:
**Use RAB-CAB mnemonic to remember what to do

1. R=Responsive? Tap the person on the shoulder and shout, “Are you okay?”
   If the person does not respond, continue to Step 2. If the person responds:
  • Ask the person about chief complaints.
  • Use the SAMPLE (sings and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past medical
history, last oral intake, events leading up to the illness or injury) history questions.
  • Check the person for DOTS (deformities, open wounds, tenderness, and swelling)
if an injury is suspected.

2. A=Activate EMS. If you are alone:
  • Shout for help.
  • Activate EMS by calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number. If a cell is used, it should be
kept by the person’s side, if possible.
  • If a cell phone is not available, leave the person to activate EMS and get an AED before
starting CPR.

**If another person arrives or is nearby, have him or her activate EMS and get an AED

3. B=Breathing?
  • Place the person faceup on a flat, firm surface.
  • Observe the person’s chest for movement (rise and fall); take 5 sec but no more than 10 sec.
  • If the person is not breathing or is only gasping, continue to Step 4
  • If the person is breathing normally, continue to monitor his or her breathing until EMS arrives.

4. C=Compressions
  • Place the heel of one of your hands on the center of the person’s chest. Use the nipple line
to distinguish the center of the breast bone (sternum).
  • Place your other hand on the top of the first one with your fingers interlocked. Hold your
fingers off the person’s chest and point them directly away from you; DO NOT  cross your
hands.
  • Keep your arms straight and elbows locked, with your shoulders positioned directly over your
hands.
  • Push hard: straight down on the sternum, 2 in. to 2.4 in. for an adult, or 2 in. or ⅓ depth of
the chest for a child.
  • Push fast: 100-120 compressions per minute. Consider using the beat of the Bee Gees song
“Stayin’ Alive.”
  • Push smoothly: DO NOT bounce or jab and DO NOT stop at the top or bottom of a
compression.
  • Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression (DO NOT lean on the chest).

5. A=Airway. Open the person’s airway.
  • Take your hand nearest the person’s head and place it on his or her forehead; apply
pressure to tilt the head back.
  • Place 2 fingers of your other hand under the bony part of the person’s jaw (near the chin)
and lift. Avoid pressing on the soft tissues under the jaw.
  • Tilt the head backward.

6. B=Breaths. Give 2 breaths.
  • Pinch the person’s nose shut
  • Give 2 breaths, each lasting 1 sec. (Take a normal breath for yourself after each breath.)
  • Watch the chest rise to determine if the breaths go in.
  • Allow for chest deflation after each breath.
  • If the chest rises after the 2 breaths, give 30 chest compressions,
  • If the first breath does not make the chest rise, retilt the person’s head and give a second
breath. If the second breath does not make the chest rise, begin CPR (30 compressions and
2 breaths). Each time before giving the first of the 2 breaths, open the mouth and look for an
object: if seen, remove it
  • If you cannot use the person’s mouth (ie, seriously iinjured mouth, ineffective seal, mouth
cannot be opened, person is in water), use the head tilt-chin lift maneuver. Seal your mouth
around the person’s nose and breathe.

7. Continue CPR (30 compressions, 2 breaths) until an AED arrives and use it as soon as possible

Regardless of whether we are going on a hike or walking down the block, we must be aware of how
to perform CPR to help those around us. If followed step by step, these instructions will allow us to
increase a person’s chance of survival.


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